Emissions from automobiles are one of the greatest contributing agents of air pollution in major cities across the globe. Driving a personal car is the most polluting activity of most citizens. Car emissions contain a range of many toxic pollutants such as sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, benzene, and polycyclic hydrocarbons lead.Combustion ProcessA car is moved by burning fuel in an engine and its by-products are released in the combustion process into the surrounding environment. The by-products are released by the processes such as evaporative emissions, exhaust emissions, and refueling losses.Perfect Combustion: The fuels like diesel and gasoline contain hydrocarbons, which is a mixture and carbon and hydrogen atoms. In the perfect combustion process, the oxygen from the air converts the hydrogen from the fuel to water and carbon into carbon dioxide, thus nitrogen in the atmosphere is left undisturbed. But, in the real combustion process, several kinds […]
Coral reefs are one of the more varied ecosystems, providing a home for a quarter of the ocean’s creatures. The majority of the world’s reefs are found in tropical waters, specifically in the Pacific Ocean. People and animals rely on ocean reefs for food, and some areas depend on the reefs for tourism and protection of the shoreline.Although coral seem like hard rocks, it is actually a living creature. All coral reefs begin with a small polyp. The polyps are fragile organisms, and each one excretes an exoskeleton for protection from predators. This cup shaped exoskeleton attaches to other polyps around it and these skeletal polyps form a coral colony. This coral colony extends to form what people know as coral reefs. As the polyps continue to excrete new exoskeletons, they move upward and outward, living on the surface of the old, dead skeletal system created previously.There are three types […]
Books and PublicationsElectronic Fuel Injection: order Ben Strader’s book Building & Tuning High-Performance Electronic Fuel InjectionOnline Manual Car Codes: Diagnostic code manual for American, European, Japanese, Korean, and Australian cars from 1983-2009Scrap or Donate a Car?: Newsletter for Driving Force . Legislation regarding scrapping vehicles or used car donationInjection Systems Reliability: international journal of Materials and Structural Reliability during simulation testsDiagnosing and Repairing Auto Electrical Systems: excerpts from Tracy Martin’s book How to Diagnose and Repair Automotive Electrical SystemsManufacturers and SuppliersFuel Injection Comparative Directory: Thomas Net is the go-to resource for finding manufacturers, distributors and suppliers for a particular industryHolley: an industry staple for carburetor and electronic fuel injection system partsFuel Injectors Direct: direct distributor of car and truck fuel injectorsArticlesBosch Multipoint EFI Basics: basic information on electronic fuel injectors and sample calculationsHow EFI Works: Identify EFI components, circuits controlled by the computer, tables, and fuel flow dynamics and emissionsEFI […]
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts fuel on the anode side and an oxidant on the cathode side; it does this without the need to burn the fuel making them far more efficient. The fuel cell outputs the electricity through the use of an electrolyte solution and can remain functional as long as the flow of fuel and oxidants are constant. The fuel cell was initially invented and demonstrated as early as 1839 by Sir William Grove as an alternative to conventional energy sources. A feasible working fuel cell wasn’t established until the 1960s by NASA in the space program.Fuel Cell HistoryThe first fuel cells were used in NASA space missions as they contained a lower weight to power ratio and lowered the weight of a space craft. The fuel cells provided the power necessary for operating the space craft using small amounts of fuel, hydrogen, instead […]
These days, more and more people are starting to turn to green vehicles to save money and help the environment. They are taking action, turning their old gas guzzlers into a car or boat donation to charity and buying better ones. Hybrid cars are becoming more popular.When it comes to hybrid cars, there are plenty of pros and cons to consider. You’ll spend less money on gas if you drive a hybrid car, which in this economy can be reason enough to donate your car and go pick up a new one! For instance, a Prius spends about $0.07 per mile while a Camry averages $0.19 per mile. Hybrids use up less natural resources and reduce your carbon footprint. They’re even quieter than any other vehicle. However, you can also expect some cons as well. Firstly, most hybrid cars are a bit more expensive than other cars. More breakdowns can […]